Vocabulary

**__ASL__**- Stands for American Sign Language. It is a visual gesture uses by more than 500,000 people who live in North America in the Deaf community.

**__Indexing__**- Pointing your index finger at a person or object who either is or isn't around when signing. When indexing, you use your index finger and point at the person(s) or object(s) you are refering to in place of the pronoun. For example: -When signing "me", you would touch your index finger to your chest, or you can point to yourself. -When signing "he/she/it", you would point at the object(s) or person(s) you were talking to or about.

**__NMM__**- Stands for "nonmanual maker". These are movements you use without your hands. The different kinds of movement or expression you use can change the way someone interprets what you're trying to say. For example: -Facial expressions, such as raising/scrunching your eyebrows when asking a question. -Shaking or tilting your head when signing. **(posted by Mr. Gingrich) So...if you were to sign "you go there" with a stern facial expression, it would be seen as a directive...but if you were to sign it with eyebrows raised, it would be interpreted as a question...Right?** Exactly! **__Classifer-__** Handshapes that are grouped together because of similar characteristics. Classifiers are used to: <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Describe the shape or size of a person or object <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Represent an object <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Describe the movement of the object <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Describe the relationship between 2 objects (Posted by Ashley) YES Classifers are so cool. So fun for telling stories. I am sure you know this already but the three most popular classifers are 1) 3 handshap used for a vehical 2) 1 handshap used for a person 3) bend V (like 200) used for an animal that walks on all fours. Can you come up with more? <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The handshape V can be used to show someone walking, diving, jumping, ect. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The handshape C can be used to show how thick something is, like a book. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The handshape G can be used to show how thin something is, like crust on pizza, or how short something is, like a boy's buzz cut. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">(Posted by Ashley) Yes GREAT job! <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Thank you! (:

<span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Inflection__**- <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A way of modifying your sign to change the meaning. <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">For example: <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If you want to say you are very angry, you would sign the word angry in an exaggerated form. <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The facial expression would be stronger and the sing would be bigger. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Noun/Verb Pair__**- <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This is one sign that is done twice to change the meaning. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">For Example: <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">When you do the sign for sit (which is a verb) twice, then it becomes the word chair (which is a noun). this is very interesting! could you put more examples please? ( : <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Sure! <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If you were to do the sign for grow (a verb) twice, it becomes the word spring (the season, which is a noun). <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If you were to do the sign for fly (a verb) twice, it becomes the world airplane (a noun).

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Eye Gazing__**- <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">When you move your eyes in the direction that you are pointing. It refers to the subject in your sentence. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">'The dog ran toward the house.' <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">So in this sentence, you would use eye gaze when refering to the dog.

<span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Topicalizing__**- Using the object as the topic of the sentence. This is in the passive voice. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">For example: <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">(This is how you would structure your sentence when signing.) <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Walk dog? I like. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__**SVO**__- SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This is another way of structering your sentence. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">You use your subject as the topic of your sentence. This is in the active voice. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">For example: <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">(Again, this is how you structure your sentence.) <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">I like walk dog. <span style="color: #ff8800; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Either way you say it is acceptable. It's just whatever your little heart desires. (: <span style="color: #ff8800; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Although, the second structure is less confusing for the hearing.
 * (posted by Mr. Gingrich) Just to make sure I understand....instead of signing something like "Vanessa likes funfetti muffins." I would want to sign "funfetti muffins, Vanessa likes?" Do you HAVE to sign that way? Is it more common? Or is it just an option? **

<span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Mainstreaming__**- <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Integration of children with special needs, like deaf or handicapped children, into regular classes.

<span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Linguistic__**- <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">of or pertaining to language.

<span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Locution__**- <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The way one phrases.

<span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__ABCOS15__**- <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The letters and numbers that are typically signed with your non-dominant hand. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This can also be considered your base hand while your dominant hand is in motion. For signs that don't have the same handshape, the non-dominant hand is usually in the hand shape of an A, B, C, O, S, 1, and 5. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">So, if you're right handed, then your left hand would be your 'base hand' and have the shape of 1 of these 7 letters or numbers. If you're left handed, and your right hand would be your base hand. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Dialect__**- <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, and by its use by a group of speakers who are set off from others geographically or socially. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Yes sir. It can be Englished based, or ASL based. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Gazing__**- <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">When you move your eyes in the direction that you are pointing. It referes to the subject in your sentence.
 * (posted by Mr. Gingrich: I think you need to explain this one a little better. I had to get on a different website to fully understand what it was..) **
 * (posted by Mr. Gingrich: so...are there different dialects of sign language?) **

<span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Pidgin Signed English/Contact Signing-__** <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The combination of two languages. <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Example: <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If a deaf person and a hearing person were to try to communicate, they would use Pidgin/Contact signing. Both of the languages would incorporate different parts of their natural language to make communicating with eachother a little easier. <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Pidgin Signging isn't a language isn't a language, and will never be anyone's main language. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Codeswitching__**- <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Adjusting your style of signing to adjust to a different system of signing. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Here's an example situation: <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If 2 people are talking, one deaf and one hearing (they both know sign langauge, just to clarify), the deaf person could start signing in ASL. If the hearing person doesn't understand how the deaf person is signing in ASL style, they could switch to SEE, which stands for <range type="comment" id="713651">‍‍‍‍‍Signing Exact English ‍‍‍‍‍, so the hearing person can better understand what the deaf person is talking about. <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__**Manually Coded English**__- <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">It's pretty much the same thing as SEE (Signing Exact English). <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">It's the attempt to represent English on your hands, apposed to ASL. It is still rather popular among hearing parents or teachers who are learning sign language.

<span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Loan Signs__**- <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Signs that have been borrowed from other sign languages. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Before, the sign for Chinese was taking our index fingers and twisting it next to our eyes to show that their eyes are different. That may have been offensive to them. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">So now, we borrowed China's sign for Chinese, which is starting with your index finger at your left shoulder-area, sweeping it across to your right shoulder-area, then down your right side. This is refering to the buttons on their clothing.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Lexicalized Fingerspelling__**- <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Altering the way you fingerspell so it looks more like a sign, instead of just fingerspelling. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">They used to be called Loan Signs, but as said before, those are 'borrowed', not altered. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">For example: <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The word ALL is fingerspelling A-L-L, just faster and more relaxed. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__VP/VRS__**- <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**VP** stands for Video Phone. It's the way 2 deaf people talk to eachother. It's like 2 hearing people calling eachother, but in this case the 2 deaf people are watching eachother sign. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**VRS** stands for Video Relay Service. If a hearing and a deaf person would like to communicate, they would use this service. An interpreter would be on the phone with both people, signing to the deaf person, and talking to the hearing person. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*There are specific phone numbers you must use if you would like to communicate via video phone or video relay service. Here's how to distinguish the difference. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If you would like to communicate via video phone, you would simply sign VP at the end of the phone number. <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">If you would like to communicate via video relay service, you would simply sign VRS at the end of the phone number. **(posted by Mr. Gingrich: so, do deaf people have to buy these phones? Or are they provided by the government or charities? How much do they cost?)** <span style="color: #ff8b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Deaf people don't have to buy these if they don't want to. They could always rely on a hearing person to communicate with others for them. But since we have instant messaging and texting, they aren't used very often anymore. If what I've read is correct, videophones are free to anyone who is deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech impairment and chose to communicate using sign language. For anyone that is not deaf, but is a family member of a friends that wishes to communicate with a videophone, the prices can vary from $75-$300.

<span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Name Sign__**- <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A sign that is given to any specific person by a Deaf person. It's a sign that describes a person based on their personality or traits in place of his or her name. <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A Deaf person should give the name sign since they have more experience and will know if that name sign is already being used for someone else, or if it's similar to a different sign so you don't get the two signs confused. <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A person may have more than one name sign. It depends on the Deaf communities they are involved with. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__World Federation of the Deaf -__** <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">An organization that ensures Deaf people their own rights. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">They make sure they have the right to their own type of sign language, thier own organizations, and thier own cultural activities. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The WFD also strives to improve sign language in all countries, education for Deaf people, the ability to access to all types of services and basic human rights.

__**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cultural View of Deafness- **__ <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The type of view that a Deaf person usually has, unless you have had first hand experience in the Deaf culture. <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">People with a cultural view often believe that they are not impaired or handicapped.. they are just like everyone else. <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">(If you were to call someone that was Deaf impaired or handicapped, they would most likely become offended.) They believe the only difference between themselves and everyone else is the way they communicate. <span style="color: #0088ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">People in the Deaf community are very close to eachother. When asked about surgeries or other operations to become hearing, they wouldn't even consider it. They prefer the lifestyle they already have. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__**Pathalogical View of Deafness-**__ <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A type of view people that are not familiar with the Deaf culture have. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">These people believe that deaf people are handicapped or impaired, and would be better off if they could hear. They think that deaf people should want to be normal (In their eyes, normal is hearing) and by doing so, they could have a much better lifestyle. <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">People with a pathaloical view assume that deaf people are less intelligent and feel sorry for them because of their "disability". <span style="color: #c500ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Not all deaf people are involved in the Deaf culture. Some deaf people try to pass themselves off as hard-of-hearing, because they are ashamed of their hearing loss.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__**Chironomy-**__ <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The art of moving the hands by gesture without speaking, usually while publically speaking or musical preformances.

<span style="color: #ff8800; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Dactylology-__** <span style="color: #ff8800; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This is the making of signs by using your fingers as means of communication, most often used by the deaf when making letters or numbers. <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__Gesticulation-__** <span style="color: #ddca13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">To make or use gestures, especially in an excited manner, with or instead of speech. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**__The Time Line Concept-__** <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The idea that there is an imaginary time line running from behind you, to represent the past, and in front of you, to represent the future. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The farther back your movement for a sign is, the longer ago it had occured. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The farther forward your movement for a sign is, the farther away it will occur. <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Here is the Timeline Link<span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> (The link in which I had recieved this timeline.) <span style="color: #15dd13; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">